python-通过openpy操作excel

1.安装 openpyxl

pip install openpyxl == 2.3.5 安装指定版本

遇到问题：

查询结果：这是因为电脑上有其他软件也有pip命令，我的电脑上是因为装了loadrunner

解决办法：

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7469361/pip-on-windows-giving-the-error-unknown-or-unsupported-command-install/8634923

我用的有效命令：

python -m pip install openpyxl 安装成功

2.安装pillow

直接点击安装即可，64位需要和python版本一致；32也是

3.show openpyxl

c:\Python27>python -m pip show openpyxl

4.创建excel文件对象

>>> from openpyxl import *

>>> wb = Workbook() #创建excel文件对象，写在内存里的，不保存的话在关闭后就没了

>>> ws = wb.active #获取excel文件的一个sheet

>>> ws['A1']=12 #写入内容单格写

>>> ws['A2']=12.333

>>> ws['A3']=u"小七"

>>> wb.save("e:\\test1.xlsx") #保存文件

>>> ws["B1"]=u"哥哥"

>>> ws["B2"]=u"我想我哥哥了"

>>> wb.save("e:\\test1.xlsx")

>>> import time #写入时间

>>> ws["c1"]= time.strftime(u"%Y年%m月%d日 %H时%M分%S秒".encode("utf-8"),time.lo

caltime())

>>> wb.save("e:\\test1.xlsx")

import datetime
import time
ws['A2'] = datetime.datetime.now()

5.打印有效行和列：

>>> ws.columns

>>> for col in ws.columns:

... print col

...

(<Cell u'Sheet'.A1>, <Cell u'Sheet'.A2>, <Cell u'Sheet'.A3>)

(<Cell u'Sheet'.B1>, <Cell u'Sheet'.B2>, <Cell u'Sheet'.B3>)

(<Cell u'Sheet'.C1>, <Cell u'Sheet'.C2>, <Cell u'Sheet'.C3>)

>>> for col in ws.rows:

... print col

...

(<Cell u'Sheet'.A1>, <Cell u'Sheet'.B1>, <Cell u'Sheet'.C1>)

(<Cell u'Sheet'.A2>, <Cell u'Sheet'.B2>, <Cell u'Sheet'.C2>)

(<Cell u'Sheet'.A3>, <Cell u'Sheet'.B3>, <Cell u'Sheet'.C3>)

什么是有效行和列？

数据写入的可包含整体数据的最大范围，这个范围内的都是有效行和列

6.创建sheet

>>> ws = wb.create_sheet("gloryroad")

>>> ws = wb.create_sheet("I love")

>>> ws = wb.create_sheet(u"哥哥")

>>> wb.save("e:\\test.xlsx")

7.获取sheet名称

>>> wb.get_sheet_names() #获取所有名称

[u'Sheet', u'gloryroad', u'I love', u'\u54e5\u54e5']

>>> ws = wb.get_sheet_by_name(u"哥哥") #获取指定名称

>>> ws

>>> print ws.encode("gbk")

>>> ws = wb.get_sheet_by_name(wb.get_sheet_names()[-1]) #获取指定位置的sheet名称

>>> ws

8.修改sheet名称

>>> ws = wb.get_sheet_by_name(wb.get_sheet_names()[-1]) #修改前需要先获取

>>> ws

>>> ws.title = "lin"

>>> wb.get_sheet_names()

[u'Sheet', u'gloryroad', u'I love', u'lin']

>>> ws.title

u'lin'

9.获取sheet名称

>>> ws = wb["I love"]

>>> ws

>>> wb.sheetnames

[u'Sheet', u'gloryroad', u'I love', u'lin']

10. 通过行和列修改表格内的内容

>>> ws.cell(row=1,column=2,value=123456)

>>> ws["B1"].value

123456

>>> ws.cell(row=1,column=2,value="I love")

>>> ws["B1"].value

u'I love'

小练习：

从A1到D4区域的所有单元格都要写内容，内容是行号是第一位，列号是第二位

>>> for row in range(1,5):

... for col in range(1,5):

... ws.cell(row=row,column=col,value=str(row)+str(col))

...

>>> wb.save("e:\\test.xlsx")

>>>

11. 操作某列中所有有效数据

>>> print ws["A"]

(<Cell u'I love'.A1>, <Cell u'I love'.A2>, <Cell u'I love'.A3>, <Cell u'I love'.

A4>)

12. 操作某两列之间的所有有效值

>>> print ws["A:D"]

((<Cell u'I love'.A1>, <Cell u'I love'.A2>, <Cell u'I love'.A3>, <Cell u'I love'

.A4>), (<Cell u'I love'.B1>, <Cell u'I love'.B2>, <Cell u'I love'.B3>, <Cell u'I

love'.B4>), (<Cell u'I love'.C1>, <Cell u'I love'.C2>, <Cell u'I love'.C3>, <Ce

ll u'I love'.C4>), (<Cell u'I love'.D1>, <Cell u'I love'.D2>, <Cell u'I love'.D3

>, <Cell u'I love'.D4>))

13. 打印出获取到的指定位置的值

>>> print ws["A:D"][0][0].value

>>> ws["A:D"][0][0].value='22' 第一列的第一行：列在前，行在后

14. 取出列的值；取出行和列的值

>>> ws[1] 取出1行

(<Cell u'I love'.A1>, <Cell u'I love'.B1>, <Cell u'I love'.C1>, <Cell u'I love'.

D1>)

>>> ws[1:2] 取出1行2列的值

((<Cell u'I love'.A1>, <Cell u'I love'.B1>, <Cell u'I love'.C1>, <Cell u'I love'

.D1>), (<Cell u'I love'.A2>, <Cell u'I love'.B2>, <Cell u'I love'.C2>, <Cell u'I

love'.D2>))

小练习：取出1到3行的内容

自己的做法，取了3列

>>> for i in range(1,3):

... print ws[i:3]

...

((<Cell u'I love'.A1>, <Cell u'I love'.B1>, <Cell u'I love'.C1>, <Cell u'I love'

.D1>), (<Cell u'I love'.A2>, <Cell u'I love'.B2>, <Cell u'I love'.C2>, <Cell u'I

love'.D2>), (<Cell u'I love'.A3>, <Cell u'I love'.B3>, <Cell u'I love'.C3>, <Ce

ll u'I love'.D3>))

((<Cell u'I love'.A2>, <Cell u'I love'.B2>, <Cell u'I love'.C2>, <Cell u'I love'

.D2>), (<Cell u'I love'.A3>, <Cell u'I love'.B3>, <Cell u'I love'.C3>, <Cell u'I

love'.D3>))

老师的方法：

>>> for row in ws[1:3]:
... for j in range(len(row)): 利用每行元素的个数来确定有多少列
... print row[j].value

同学的方法：

for rows in ws[1:3]:
    for row in rows:
        print row.value,
    print

15. 指定一个范围，通过限制最大行号和列号，最小行号和列号来实现

>>> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1,max_col=3,max_row=3):

... for cell in row:

... print cell.value

...

>>> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1,min_col=1,max_col=3,max_row=3):

... for cell in row:

... print cell.value

...

16. 打印所有的行和列

>>> for row in ws.rows: 打印所有的行

... print row

...

>>> for col in ws.columns: 打印所有的列

... print col

...

17. 写入百分数

>>> ws["Z100"]="66%"

>>> print ws["Z100"].value

66%

>>> wb.guess_type = True 为True时excel里面就是常规类型，为False时是百分数？

>>> ws["Z101"].value

>>> wb.save("e:\\test.xlsx")

18. 修改excel里面的值

>>> wb = load_workbook("e:\\test.xlsx") #读取一个现有的文件进行操作

>>> ws = wb.active #获取当前sheet

>>> ws['A1'].vlue

>>> ws['A1'].value

12L

>>> ws['A1'].value=12 #修改值

>>> ws['A1'].value

>>> ws['A2'].value

12.333

>>> ws['A2'].value=u"gege" #修改值

>>> ws['A2'].value

u'gege'

19. 判断excel内存储的数值格式类型

>>> ws['A3'].value = "12%"

>>> ws['A3'].number_format

'General'

>>> ws['A20'].number_format

'General'

>>> wb.guess_type = True

>>> ws['A10']="12%"

>>> ws['A10'].number_format

'General'

>>> ws['A10']="12%"

>>> wb.save("e:\\test.xslx")

>>> ws['A10'].number_format

'General'

>>> import datetime

>>> ws["A11"]=datetime.datetime(1017,1,1)

>>> ws['A11'].number_format

'yyyy-mm-dd h:mm:ss'

>>>

20. 写入一个sum函数

>>> ws["A11"]="=sum(1,1)"
>>> print ws["A11"]
<Cell u'Sheet'.A11>
>>> print ws["A11"].value
=sum(1,1)
>>> wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

21. 合并单元格和取消合并

ws.merge_cells("A1:C3")

ws.umerge_cells("A1:C3")

ws.merge_cells(start_row=2,start_column=1,end_row=2,end_column=4)
ws.unmerge_cells(start_row=2,start_column=1,end_row=2,end_column=4)

22. 插入图片

from openpyxl import load_workbook

from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image

wb = load_workbook('e:\\test.xlsx')

ws1=wb.active

img = Image('e:\\1.png')

ws1.add_image(img, 'A1')

# Save the file

wb.save("e:\\test.xlsx")

E:\>python a.py

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "a.py", line 13, in <module>

wb.save("e:\\test.xlsx")

File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\workbook\workbook.py", line 349,

in save

save_workbook(self, filename)

File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\openpyxl\writer\excel.py", line 267, in sa

ve_workbook

archive = ZipFile(filename, 'w', ZIP_DEFLATED, allowZip64=True)

File "C:\Python27\lib\zipfile.py", line 756, in __init__

self.fp = open(file, modeDict[mode])

IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'e:\\test.xlsx'

Excel没有关闭，所以报错！！！

E:\>python a.py

23. 隐藏列

ws1.column_dimensions.group('A', 'D', hidden=True) 隐藏列

24. 生成柱形图

from openpyxl import load_workbook

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl.chart import BarChart, Reference, Series

wb = load_workbook('e:\\test.xlsx')

ws1=wb.active

wb = Workbook()

ws = wb.active

for i in range(10): #生成数据

ws.append([i])

values = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=1, max_col=1, max_row=10) #数据范围

chart = BarChart() #生成柱状图对象

chart.add_data(values) #柱状图对象用values存储数据

ws.add_chart(chart, "E15")

# Save the file

wb.save("e:\\test.xlsx")

25. 生成单元格，有样式

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import load_workbook

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl.worksheet.table import Table, TableStyleInfo

wb = Workbook()

ws = wb.active

data = [

['Apples', 10000, 5000, 8000, 6000],

['Pears', 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000],

['Bananas', 6000, 6000, 6500, 6000],

['Oranges', 500, 300, 200, 700],

]

# add column headings. NB. these must be strings

ws.append(["Fruit", "2011", "2012", "2013", "2014"])

for row in data:

ws.append(row)

tab = Table(displayName="Table1", ref="A1:E5") #table指的是要使用样式的区域

# Add a default style with striped rows and banded columns

style = TableStyleInfo(name="TableStyleMedium9", showFirstColumn=True,

showLastColumn=True, showRowStripes=True,

showColumnStripes=True)

tab.tableStyleInfo = style

ws.add_table(tab)

# Save the file

wb.save("e:\\test.xlsx")

26. 设置单元格中的字体

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl.styles import colors

from openpyxl.styles import Font

wb = Workbook()

ws = wb.active

a1 = ws['A1']

d4 = ws['D4']

ft = Font(color=colors.RED) # color="FFBB00"，颜色编码也可以设定颜色

a1.font = ft

d4.font = ft

# If you want to change the color of a Font, you need to reassign it::

a1.font = Font(color=colors.RED, italic=True) # the change only affects A1

a1.value = "abc"

# Save the file

wb.save("e:\\test.xlsx")

16进制的颜色：

可以在网上查

27. 设置字体和大写

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl.styles import colors

from openpyxl.styles import Font

wb = Workbook()

ws = wb.active

a1 = ws['A1']

d4 = ws['D4']

ft = Font(color="FFBB00") # color="FFBB00"，颜色编码也可以设定颜色

a1.font = ft

d4.font = ft

# If you want to change the color of a Font, you need to reassign it::

a1.font = Font(name=u'宋体',size=28,color=colors.RED, italic=True) # the change only

affects A1

a1.value = "abc"

# Save the file

wb.save("e:\\test.xlsx")

28. 设置为粗体

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl.styles import colors

from openpyxl.styles import Font

wb = Workbook()

ws = wb.active

a1 = ws['A1']

d4 = ws['D4']

ft = Font(color="FFBB00") # color="FFBB00"，颜色编码也可以设定颜色

a1.font = ft

d4.font = ft

# If you want to change the color of a Font, you need to reassign it::

a1.font = Font(name=u'宋体',size=28,bold=True,color=colors.RED, italic=True) # the

change only affects A1

a1.value = "abc"

# Save the file

wb.save("e:\\test.xlsx")

29. 设置成样式模板再去给单元格应用，但是不支持多个同时设置，需要的话可以通过循环

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl.styles import Font

from openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle, Font, Border, Side,PatternFill

wb = Workbook()

ws = wb.active

highlight = NamedStyle(name="highlight")

highlight.font = Font(bold=True, size=20,color= "ff0100")

highlight.fill = PatternFill("solid", fgColor="DDDDDD")

bd = Side(style='thick', color="000000") #边框颜色及粗细

highlight.border = Border(left=bd, top=bd, right=bd, bottom=bd) #边框上下左右

print dir(ws["A1"])

ws["A1"].style =highlight #设置单元格样式

# Save the file

wb.save("e:\\test.xlsx")

30. 常用的样式和属性设置

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font
from openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle, Font, Border, Side,PatternFill
from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill, Border, Side, Alignment, Protection, Font

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

ft = Font(name=u'微软雅黑',
    size=11,
    bold=False,
    italic=False,
    vertAlign=None,
    underline='none',
    strike=False,
    color='FF000000')

fill = PatternFill(fill_type="solid",
    start_color='FFEEFFFF',
    end_color='FF001100')

#边框可以选择的值为：'hair', 'medium', 'dashDot', 'dotted', 'mediumDashDot', 'dashed', 'mediumDashed', 'mediumDashDotDot', 'dashDotDot', 'slantDashDot', 'double', 'thick', 'thin']
#diagonal 表示对角线
bd = Border(left=Side(border_style="thin",
              color='FF001000'),
    right=Side(border_style="thin",
               color='FF110000'),
    top=Side(border_style="thin",
             color='FF110000'),
    bottom=Side(border_style="thin",
                color='FF110000'),
    diagonal=Side(border_style=None,
                  color='FF000000'),
    diagonal_direction=0,
    outline=Side(border_style=None,
                 color='FF000000'),
    vertical=Side(border_style=None,
                  color='FF000000'),
    horizontal=Side(border_style=None,
                   color='FF110000')
                )

alignment=Alignment(horizontal='general',
        vertical='bottom',
        text_rotation=0,
        wrap_text=False,
        shrink_to_fit=False,
        indent=0)

number_format = 'General'

protection = Protection(locked=True,
            hidden=False)

ws["B5"].font = ft
ws["B5"].fill =fill
ws["B5"].border = bd
ws["B5"].alignment = alignment
ws["B5"].number_format = number_format

ws["B5"].value ="glory road"

# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")